10 things to know before climbing Kilimanjaro

1. Understanding Kilimanjaro’s Routes

Kilimanjaro has several routes to the summit, each varying in difficulty, scenery, and duration. The most popular ones include:

• Marangu Route: Known as the “Coca-Cola Route,” it’s the only route with hut accommodations. It’s considered easier but offers less acclimatization time.
• Machame Route: Called the “Whiskey Route,” it’s more challenging but scenic, offering better acclimatization due to its longer duration.
• Lemosho Route: One of the longer and more scenic routes with a high success rate due to gradual acclimatization.
• Rongai Route: Approaches from the north, offering a quieter experience but a steeper ascent.
• Umbwe Route: The most challenging and direct route, suited for experienced climbers.

Choose a route based on your fitness level, the time available, and the experience you’re looking for.

2. Physical Fitness & Training

While climbing Kilimanjaro doesn’t require technical mountaineering skills, it is a physically demanding trek. You’ll need to be in good shape to handle the altitude and endurance required. Here are key fitness aspects to focus on:

• Cardiovascular Endurance: Prepare by doing activities like running, cycling, swimming, or hiking.
• Strength Training: Focus on building leg and core strength to help with the ascent and carrying a daypack.
• Hiking Experience: Prior experience with multi-day hikes, especially at altitude, is beneficial.
• Mental Preparedness: Climbing Kilimanjaro is a mental challenge as well. Prepare for long days of hiking and unpredictable weather conditions.

3. Altitude Acclimatization

One of the biggest challenges of climbing Kilimanjaro is altitude sickness. At 5,895 meters (19,341 feet), the summit of Kilimanjaro is in the extreme altitude range. Here’s what you need to know about acclimatization:

• Symptoms of Altitude Sickness: Mild headaches, nausea, dizziness, and shortness of breath are common. Severe cases can include confusion and difficulty walking.
• Acclimatization Strategy: Choose longer routes to give your body time to adapt to the altitude. The “climb high, sleep low” strategy, where you ascend to a higher altitude during the day and sleep at a lower altitude, helps reduce the risk of altitude sickness.
• Hydration: Drinking plenty of water (3-4 liters per day) is key to helping your body acclimatize.
• Medication: Some climbers take Diamox (Acetazolamide) to prevent altitude sickness. Consult your doctor before the trip.

4. Packing the Right Gear

The right gear can make or break your Kilimanjaro climb. Ensure you have quality equipment, as the conditions can be harsh. Here’s what you’ll need:

• Clothing for Layering: Bring moisture-wicking base layers, insulating layers, and waterproof outer layers. The temperature varies greatly between the base and the summit.
• Hiking Boots: Sturdy, waterproof hiking boots with ankle support are essential.
• Sleeping Bag: A four-season sleeping bag rated for sub-zero temperatures.
• Daypack and Backpack: You’ll need a daypack for essentials during the day and a larger pack (carried by porters) for your other gear.
• Trekking Poles: Useful for stability and reducing strain on your knees.
• Sunglasses, Sunscreen, and Hat: The sun is intense at higher altitudes, so protect your eyes and skin.

5. The Role of Porters & Guides

Mount Kilimanjaro climbs require you to hire certified guides and porters. This is not just for safety, but it’s also a regulation set by Kilimanjaro National Park. Here’s how they contribute:

• Guides: Trained in high-altitude trekking and first aid, guides monitor your health and ensure you’re on the right path. They are also knowledgeable about the terrain and can offer valuable insights into the environment and culture.
• Porters: Porters carry your main gear (up to 15 kg per person), set up camps, and prepare meals. They play a crucial role in making your climb manageable and comfortable.

6. Weather Conditions on Kilimanjaro

The weather on Kilimanjaro is unpredictable and can vary greatly between the base and the summit. Kilimanjaro has five climatic zones, from tropical rainforest at the base to arctic conditions at the summit. Be prepared for:

• Hot Weather: At the lower altitudes, expect warm and humid conditions, especially in the rainforest zone.
• Cold Weather: As you ascend, temperatures can drop significantly, especially at night and at the summit, where it can reach -20°C (-4°F).
• Rain: The lower slopes may experience rain, particularly during the rainy seasons from March to May and November to December.

7. Best Time to Climb Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro can be climbed year-round, but the best times to climb are during the dry seasons, which are:

• January to March: These months offer cooler temperatures and fewer climbers, making it a great time for solitude and photography.
• June to October: The most popular time to climb due to clear skies and warmer weather. It’s also the busiest time of year on the mountain.
• April to May and November: These are the rainy seasons, which make the trails more difficult and muddy. However, there are fewer crowds.

8. Costs and Budgeting

The cost of climbing Kilimanjaro varies depending on the route, the number of days, and the type of service you choose (budget, mid-range, or luxury). Here’s what to consider:

• Park Fees: Kilimanjaro National Park charges fees for entry, camping, and rescue services. These can account for a significant portion of your total cost.
• Guides & Porters: You’ll need to factor in the cost of hiring professional guides, porters, and cooks, which are required for the climb.
• Gear Rental: If you don’t own all the necessary gear, renting high-quality equipment is another expense.
• Tipping: It is customary to tip your guides, porters, and cook, as they work extremely hard to make your climb successful. Plan to tip about 10% of the total cost of your trek.

9. Health and Safety

Your health and safety are top priorities when climbing Kilimanjaro. Consider these precautions:

• Vaccinations: Ensure you’re up to date on required vaccinations, such as yellow fever (if traveling from a country with yellow fever risk) and hepatitis A and B.
• Malaria Prevention: Though Kilimanjaro itself is a high-altitude, malaria-free zone, you may encounter malaria in surrounding areas, so take precautions with antimalarial medications.
• Travel Insurance: Comprehensive travel insurance that covers high-altitude trekking is essential. Make sure your policy includes emergency evacuation and medical care.

10. Mental Preparation

Summiting Kilimanjaro is as much a mental challenge as it is a physical one. You’ll face long days of trekking, varying weather, and the effects of altitude. Staying positive, pacing yourself, and taking each day step by step will help you achieve your goal. Mental fortitude is key to pushing through the more difficult moments and reaching the summit.

Conclusion

Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is a life-changing experience, but it requires thorough preparation and understanding of the challenges ahead. From selecting the right route to packing the correct gear, taking care of your fitness, and acclimatizing to the altitude, being well-prepared ensures that you can safely and enjoyably conquer Africa’s highest peak.